Topic: Normatives
First, I'll explain the difference between normative and positive statements. In brief, normative statements affirm the value of certain things, states or actions, and what the state of affairs and our actions ought to be. The statement that killing is wrong is an example of a normative, implying that killing has a low value and ought to not be pursued. In contrast, positive statements only describe. The statement that it is 80 degrees outside is a positive statement.
My question is this. Do you think that the normatives we generally agree on exist independently of custom and our motivations? In other words, do you think a value like equality (or substitute it with anything else we generally value) is valuable because A) equality is only valuable to the people motivated to manifest it, or B) equality is valuable independently of whether people are motivated to manifest it.
In my case, I agree with A. Although I really don't value equality very much except when it's necessary for accomplishing something else I value.