> Wild Foolish Soul wrote:
> I was aiming more at proper medieval cities Justinian like Ghent, Bruges etc.
They all started out as perfect democracies (Florence and Venice in fact too), but were changed into oligarchies in wich only a minority could vote.
Naw, the Venetian Republic started out with the Doge exercising autocratic power, and then becoming increasingly more Republican as the merchant class dwindled his power in the senate. It was not a democracy like ancient Athens, although the masses had a major council that enabled them to have some representation. Although later it became more oligarchic as the Doge's power further decreased and the council of ten was established.
In Florence, the anti-aristocratic movements in the 1300s lead to a merchant elite controlling the city from the get-go. The guilds always controlled the city, with the exception of some autocrats like the Medicis.
In the low countries like Ghent, the same thing was true. They were merchant cities (thanks to its wool industry) that were also controlled by the guilds and its merchant elite. The idea that they were democracies at any time is kind of silly. Why would such powerful merchants share power with pathetic peasants?