Re: 40% rule
I'm not sure if this is already in place but there should be a rule that families less than 40% nw of the bigger family can't attack the bigger family, just like the bigger can't attack the smaller one. I would even go further and put it that once the smaller family gets within the 40% range, neither family can attack the other one for 24 hours from the time they got within the nw.
A lot of smaller families are small only because they don't have as many active players as the bigger ones but they still have 3-4 active core group players that would be able to coordinate an attack. As it stands, the smaller family is protected by the 40% rule and can explore anywhere in the bigger families core, then with a coordinated effort can jump some fleet and take a bunch of planets. Adding a 24 hour grace period from when they get within the 40% nw, will allow the bigger family to clear the smaller family from any core areas if they feel the smaller family is capable of pulling off such an attack.