The Yell, you've got your laws of thermodynamics wrong. "Every action has an equal and opposite reaction" is actually a wording usually associated with Newton's third law of motion and is actually really just a statement of the conservation of momentum.
"Out of curiousity, I wonder if anyone has tested heat trapping properties of CO2 in a lab...just straight out testing with actual particle concentrations that are observed (and predict with current trends what they will be like"
Yes, the absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide along with any other material you wish to choose can be measured in a laboratory with a conceptually very simple experiment. If you can generate electromagnetic radiation of a known wavelength (and adjust the wavelength through a spectrum) and detect it with an appropriate detector of known spectral response you can fire your beam of radiation through your material (e.g. carbon dioxide) and see how much radiation has been absorbed on the other side of the test material. It is known that carbon dioxide, along with other greenhouse gases are transparent to optical radiation coinciding with the peak in the radiation spectrum from the sun's photosphere is in the optical range, at about yellow, but are opaque to longer wavelengths in the near infra-red which approximately coincide with the peak in the Earth's blackbody emission spectrum.
The Yell, you are on the right lines thinking about thermodynamics and the conservation of energy. As long as there is an equilibrium between the amount of energy in and the amount of energy out then the temperature will remain constant. If there were no greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere then a relatively simple calculation (although requiring some numbers which I can't be bothered to look up) will show that the Earth's surface temperature would be around -20 degrees celcius (I can't remember the exact number). If we take our bare Earth and suddenly give it an atmosphere then the equilibrium will shift, the Earth will not irradiate to space as much as is incident upon it because there is an atmosphere full of greenhouse gases on top of it, so the Earth will warm up until the energy in = energy out again, which, assuming incident radiation remains constant, will happen when the Earth starts irradiating more energy (which is effectively the same statement as saying "the temperature will rise"). The global warming theory is that if we increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere then the greenhouse effect will be increased, we will once again shift our equilibrium position and the Earth will have to heat up again (assuming all other things stay constant).
This is the theory and it would be pretty hard to dispute. People in this thread are now looking at data and trying to see if it fits with the theory. Whether or not (and how much) the Earth will get warmer is hard to predict because of other effects such as feedback mechanisms, variation in solar output, variation in Earth's orbit amongst a range of other factors, some of which are cyclical and others which may not be. - I've unfortunately got to run off and leave my post without a conclusion but I hope it makes sense so far
tweehonderd graden, dat is waarom ze me mr. fahrenheit noemen, ik reis aan de snelheid van het licht, ik ga een supersonische man van u maken