There was a lot of confusion about science planets lately and what exactly these percentages were doing, so heres a little update after checking with the code:

A Science planet gives and additional percentage bonus on the existing RC's on that planet. It does not just give points or gives a percentage bonus over all planets.

A short example:

A planet has a 65% bonus on research. If you have built 100 RC's on that planet they will now produce the equivalent of 165 RC's; those 100 RC's would normally give you 2000 research points per tick but with the bonus it gives you 3300 points per tick.

With this post I hope all is clear now.