"Naw, the Venetian Republic started out with the Doge exercising autocratic power, and then becoming increasingly more Republican as the merchant class dwindled his power in the senate. It was not a democracy like ancient Athens, although the masses had a major council that enabled them to have some representation. Although later it became more oligarchic as the Doge's power further decreased and the council of ten was established."
Democracy didn't exist in Athens either.
"In Florence, the anti-aristocratic movements in the 1300s lead to a merchant elite controlling the city from the get-go. The guilds always controlled the city, with the exception of some autocrats like the Medicis."
Very similar to Ghent, where an oligarchy ruled until in 1305 a revolt started and the guilds started to demand a share in the city's policy.
"In the low countries like Ghent, the same thing was true. They were merchant cities (thanks to its wool industry) that were also controlled by the guilds and its merchant elite. The idea that they were democracies at any time is kind of silly. Why would such powerful merchants share power with pathetic peasants?"
I should have clarified it better. There are 2 sorts of democracies in my posts here. The first is "democracy" as in the Russian case, wich is a plain oligarchy That was my entire point in my first post where I told they weren't democratic, just like Russia isn't democratic either.
In the 2nd post, I actually meant is that proper medieval cities started out in the early medieval times as democracies (even Florance and I'm quite sure Venice too; although it has a different background with being part of the Byzantian Empire for a while).
Cities started at points where excesses of agricultural production were sold, usually by a river and near a place that could provide protection. This was in the 8th and 9th century under the Karolingian dynasties. These places attracted people that were fleeing serfdom or the so called "double-domain"-system. Under the notion of "together, we stand united; divided, we fall" they started out as democracies and when cities boomed in the 11th century, these people were changed into the families that now dominated the politics in and of the city. And hurrah, oligarchy was born; and with that, the so called "little tradition" too..
This process is true for almost every city in Europe (not that I know any specific exceptions).